Aktivitas antibakteri metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri endofit kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes

Patrio Victorianus Baraga; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Ambar Rialita

doi:10.26877/bioma.v11i1.10558

Aktivitas antibakteri metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri endofit kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes

Patrio Victorianus Baraga, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Ambar Rialita

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Propionibacterium acnes merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya acne vulgaris. Pengobatan tanda, gejala, dan kekambuhan acne vulgaris cukup sulit dikarenakan P. acnes yang resisten dengan antibakteri seperti golongan linkosamida. Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) mempunyai senyawa aktif kurkumin yang merupakan polifenol alami dengan sifat antibakteri terhadap P. acnes. Bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari suatu tanaman dapat menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang sama dengan tanaman aslinya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri metabolit sekunder endofit kunyit terhadap P. acnes. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif yaitu isolat bakteri endofit kunyit diujikan dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap P. acnes. Isolat yang paling berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakterisasi morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, biokimia dan dilakukan uji senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan menggunakan metode Ciulei. Sebanyak 12 dari 17 isolat memiliki aktivitas terhadap P. acnes dengan diameter zona hambat terbedar yaitu 21,2 mm dengan kode isolat H5. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa H5 memiliki kemiripan dengan genus Bacillus. Hasil uji metabolit menunjukkan bahwa senyawa antibakteri yang dihasilkan isolat H5 yaitu saponin, terpenoid dan flavanoid. Bakteri endofit tanaman kunyit memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri P. acnes.

Kata kunci: antibakteri; bakteri endofit; Curcuma longa L.; Propionibacterium acnes.

ABSTRACT

Antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic bacterial isolated from tumeric (Curcuma longa L.) against Propionibacterium acnes. Propionibacterium acnes is the main cause of acne vulgaris. Treatment to control the signs, symptoms, and recurrence of acne vulgaris is not easy due to its resistance to antibacterials such as linkosamide group. Turmeric (C. longa L.) has an active compound, curcumin, the main natural polyphenol which has antibacterial properties against P. acnes. Endophytic bacteria isolated from plant can produce same secondary metabolites with the host plant. The study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of turmeric bacterial endophytes secondary metabolites against P. acnes. The research was descriptive research where endophytic bacterial isolates of turmeric were tested by disk diffusion method against P. acnes. The most potential isolates with antibacterial activity was identified based on the characterization of colony morphology, cell morphology, biochemical tests and a secondary metabolic compound test used Ciulei method. A total of 12 from 17 isolates had activity against P. acnes with the biggest inhibition zone is 21.2 mm with code H5. The identification results showed that H5 had similarities with the genus Bacillus. Metabolite test showed that the antibacterial compounds produced by H5 were saponins, terpenoids and flavonoids. The endophytic bacteria of turmeric plant has potential as an antibacterial against P. acnes.

Keywords: antibacterial; endophytic bacteria; Curcuma longa L.; P. acnes.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v11i1.10558