Bioma: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi (p-ISSN: 2086-5481; e-ISSN: 2549-9890) is an Open Access Journal publised by Biologi Education, Faculty of Mathematics, Science, and Technology Information Education, Universitas PGRI Semarang. By publishing twice a year, on April and October, Bioma is intended to communicate the result of scientific research related to the field of Biology and Biology Education. Bioma has established a collaboration with Indonesian Biology Education Consortium (KPBI) since March 2021. Since Volume 10 Issue 1, April 2021, Bioma had been changes the layout. For writings to be loaded, the authors of the contributors should pay attention to the author's guideline. An article published in Bioma should meet the Editorial Board requirements. The Editorial Board has the right to change the editorial and systematic writing without altering the contents of the manuscript.
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Adaptation of Four Strawberry Varieties at a Land Altitude of 900 Meters ASL with Different Shade
Strawberries are herbaceous plants originating from sub-tropical regions. In Indonesia, which is a tropical climate, Strawberries can adapt well to the highlands of more than 1000 meters above sea level. At present, not much is known about strawberry varieties that are able to adapt to the plains below 1000 masl, so it is necessary to do research to find strawberry varieties that are able to adapt to the plains below 1000 masl. This research was conducted on agricultural land at an altitude of 900 masl in the Ngesrepbalong Village area, Limbangan District, Kendal Regency from September to October 2022. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design with different types of shading. The treatment used is shading in the form of 50% paranet and 70% paranet. Data will be analyzed statistically with ANOVA and descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the four strawberry varieties were able to adapt to an altitude of 900 meters above sea level with 50-70% paranet shade.
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Analysis of Factors Inhibiting Science Learning in the Implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka in the High Schools in Palembang
Education is an important sector in the development of a country. The progress of a nation is very dependent on the education system. To improve the quality of learning, many countries, including Indonesia, have adopted new curriculum, such as the Kurikulum Merdeka. The Kurikulum Merdeka gives students freedom in their learning and emphasizes the development of 21st-century skills. However, the application of this curriculum is faced with several inhibiting factors. This study aims to analyze the inhibiting factors in implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka at SMA Muhammadiyah 6 and SMA Aisyiyah 1 Palembang. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and information surveys. The results showed that the internal inhibiting factors for implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka came from the motivation, attitudes, and interests of the students. In addition, external inhibiting factors also come from parental support, principal leadership, school facilities, learning systems, learning materials, and teacher competence. It can be concluded that there are obstacles in all the indicators measured. With a deep understanding of these inhibiting factors, it is hoped that it can provide recommendations for the authorities and become a reference for schools in efforts to correct deficiencies and develop the Kurikulum Merdeka in the future.
Association of TCF7L2 Gene Polymorphism With Non Obesetype 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Javanese Population
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency due to inadequate insulin secretion or decreased tissue response to insulin at one or more points. Three important factors that influence the pathogenesis of type 2 DM are individual factors or ethnic genetics, factors of pancreatic β cell damage and insulin resistance factors. The TCF7L2 gene is a gene that codes for TCF7L2 protein, a group of proteins that act as transcription factors in the Wnt signal pathway. TCF7L2 gene polymorphism occurs when cytosine is replaced with thymine in the intron 3 position in wild-type due to alternative splicing.The purpose study was to determine the frequency of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism in Javanese type 2 non-obese DM patients in Semarang. Detection of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism was carried out on 49 people with type 2 non-obese DM patients and 38 people not with type 2 DM using the PCR-RFLP method. The restriction enzyme used is Rsa1. The allele frequency of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism was analyzed by Chi-square and analysis of sample characteristics was carried out with Odds Ratio. The results showed that there were significant differences in the allele frequency of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism and in the characteristics of age, KGD and systole between case subjects and control subjects. From this study it was concluded that TCF7L2 gene polymorphism is associated with the type 2 DM through interactions between genetic factors (T allele) and life style.
Detection of Enterobacteriaceae Lactose Fermenter Bacteria Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) in Food Samples at Surabaya
Snacks sold on the side of the road are often purchased because they are practical and cheap. The condition of food sold in the open causes a decrease in food hygiene, so bacteria will easily contaminate, both due to flies infesting it and direct contact with the hands of people around it. One group of bacteria that can cause infection and often contaminate food is Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria can produce Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes that cause resistance to various antibiotics (MDR). This research aims to detecting ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae lactose fermenter bacteria in street food sold on the side of the road in the Dukuh Kupang market area, Surabaya. This study is descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional research design. A total of 50 snack food samples were grown on MacConkey agar containing cefotaxime at four micrograms per milliliter. Then an ESBL confirmation test was carried out using the double disk synergy test (DDST). The Result showed that 13 (26%) samples of snack foods were contaminated. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae Lactose Fermenter bacteria are ubiquitous. The most contaminated snack food was cassava, while the non-contaminated snack food was stuffed tofu.
Echinoderms as a Bioindicator of Water Quality of Weda Waters, Central Halmahera District
Echinoderms are deposit feeders that digest most of the sediment. Echinoderms are also good aquatic bioindicators, because Echinodermata are relatively calm or have low mobility, so they are highly influenced by environmental factors. This study aimed to determine the community structure of Echinoderms and their distribution relationship with several aquatic physico-chemical factors. Echinodermata sampling was carried out using the belt transect method using three stations. Data were collected in the form of the number of echinoderms in the transect and physico-chemical parameters of the waters including temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. From the results of research at three station points in the waters of Weda waters, 9 species of Echinodermata were found, namely Protoreaster nodosus, Linckia laevigata, Culcita novaeguineae, Diadema setosum, Diadema savigny, Echinometra mathaei, Tripneusteus gratilla, Holothuria atra, Holothuria edulis which were grouped into 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 families, and 7 genera with a total of 139 individuals. The diversity index of Echinodermata in Weda waters was classified as moderate with an average value of 1.05, the uniformity index was classified as moderate with an average value of 0.56, and the average dominance index value was 0.28 meaning that no species dominated
Optimizing the Function of Palembang City Forest as a Natural Laboratory
Urban forest is one of the public open spaces with a minimum area of 2,500 m2(0.25 hectares) which has various functions, both ecological, social and cultural, economic, and aesthetic functions. Each urban forest has its own potential and function. The urban forest in Palembang has not been used optimally in accordance with its function, especially as a learning space (natural laboratory). This research aims to optimize the function of urban forests in Palembang so that they can be used as natural laboratories in Plant Ecology courses. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach with applied research. Data collection techniques include (triangulation techniques), including: observation on 6 urban forests in Palembang: Punti Kayu Natural Tourism Park Forest, Bukit Siguntang Forest, Bumi Perkemahan Pramuka Gandus City Forest, Forest Area of Sri Mulyono Herlambang Palembang Air Base, OPI Retention Pool Area, and Jakabaring Stadium Area; Interview; and documentation. Based on the results of field observations and interviews with the six urban forests in Palembang, they have various functions including ecological, social and cultural functions, as well as aesthetics. Urban forests that have low biodiversity are the Gandus Scout Campground City Forest and the OPI Retention Pond Area Forest. The Urban Forest of the OPI Retention Pool Area and the City Forest of the Gandus Scout Camping Ground have no potential to be used as natural laboratories, especially in the Ecology course on vegetation analysis material. There needs to be good cooperation from the government, the industrial world, and the community to optimize the function of urban forests.
Performance Assessment Berbasis Model Problem Based Learning sebagai Alternatif untuk Mengukur Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP
PBL based performance assessment involves students directly and can train them to face various problems and find solutions to problems. Science learning in class VIII shows that critical thinking skills are still relatively lacking in the process of discovering concepts in the material and the ability to answer questions based on critical thinking skills. The low level of critical thinking skills is caused by students lack of conceptual discovery of the material being taught and examining the relationship between the material and solving problems in daily life, which is done directly through performance assessments, which were previously rarely implemented in the classroom. The PBL syntax embedded in the performance assessment rubric is also integrated with the critical thinking skills component. The aim of this research is to find out whether PBL-based performance assessment can be used to measure students' critical thinking abilities. This research uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach with descriptive data explanation in class VIII D of SMPN 37 Semarang. Students are asked to develop critical thinking skills through group work, with the results of practical and product performance assessment activities showing a good category. Where the practice percentage shows the lowest value with a percentage of 50% in the deduction dimension, with activities to determine conclusions and consider the results of the analysis with problems in each group to answer questions. The percentage of practice shows the highest score with a percentage of 75% in the dimensions of inference, recognition and interpretation with information analysis activities, exploration of information and conditions, identification of information obtained, presenting solutions and preventive efforts and the results of group work.
The Development of AKSI (Aktualisasi Siswa) Learning Model to Improve Higher Order Thinking Skills of Natural Science in Junior High School
This research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective Aksi learning model. The research method used is development research with adaptation of Thiagarajan development steps. Based on the results of the needs analysis on the questionnaire given to 15 science teachers in several regions in East Java, educators stated that the students' higher-order thinking skills were not optimal. Higher-order thinking skills show that students have C4, C5, and C6 knowledge abilities. Based on these data it is necessary to develop a learning model that fits the needs, the Aksi learning model. This research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective Aksi learning model. The research method used is development research with an adaptation of the development steps developed by Thiagarajan. The 4D development model is carried out with 4 research stages namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Aksi learning model development research produces data in the form of valid, practical, and effective values. The Aksi learning model has a validity score of 88.10% in the very valid category. The practicality value of the observation of the implementation is 89.24% in the very practical category, the teacher response test was 89,38% in the very practical category, and the student response test was 84.12% in the very practical category. The value of the model's effectiveness is to get an N-gain score for high-level thinking skills, which is 0.7 in the high category.
The Effect of Shallot Extract as Natural Plant Growth Regulator and Cuttings Materials on The Growth of Water Apple (Syzygium aqueum l.) Stem Cuttings
The propagation of water apple by cuttings can meet the needs of the seeds in a short time and in large quantities. This study aimed to examine the effect of shallot extract as a natural plant growth regulator (PGR) and cutting material on the growth of water apple stem cuttings. The research was carried out from July to September 2022 at Greenhouse and the Physiology and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, Diponegoro University. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the PGR concentration of shallots at four levels : K0 = 0%, K1 = 30%, K2 = 60%, and K3 = 90%. The second factor is the material of the water apple cuttings, with three levels: A1 = tip, A2 = middle, and A3 = base. The results of this study showed that the PGR concentration of shallots had significant effect on the age of shoots. The material of cuttings had a significant effect on age of shoots and the number of shoots. The natural growth regulator concentration of shallots 30% (v/v) in the shoots gave the best results for the growth of water apple cuttings
Analysis Organoleptik Eco Enzim From Organic Waste Based on Fruits and Vegetables
Waste processing, especially organic waste, which in practice is still not optimal in Indonesia. One method of processing organic waste is using eco enzymes, which are made by fermenting vegetable and fruit waste combined with water and sugar. The raw materials for making eco enzymes vary and have different characteristics so they have high potential to be used in various fields. This research aims to examine the properties of organoleptic eco enzymes their raw materials and their application to human requirements. This study used an experimental method by repeating twice for each raw material including vegetables, a mixture of fruit peels (mango, pineapple, durian), pineapple peel, banana peel, and orange peel. Then the eco enzyme data is analyzed for characteristics based on parameters such as color, aroma, taste, and pH. According to the findings, the eco enzyme has a distinct brown color that ranges from light brown to dark brown, the aroma and taste produced show from very sour and smelly to a slightly sour and characteristic smell, and than the pH levels range from 2.98 to 3.50. The characteristics that have been analyzed organoleptic in this study indicate that the eco enzymes produced are very good, namely brown color, sour aroma, slightly doormat taste, and a pH value of <4. Eco enzymes are used in various fields such as household needs as cleaning fluids, the environment as a wastewater purifier, health is used to improve well water quality, and agriculture as a fertilizer and plant disinfectants
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